INDEX
1. INTRODUCTION by
2. VOLUME DESTINATIONS
2.1 Structure module
2.2 Volume destinations of cylinder
2.3 Volume destinations of middle torus
2.4 Volume destinations of major torus
3. STRUCURE ARRANGEMENT
4. CONSTRUCION SEQUENCES
5. PROTECTION
5.1 Interior protection
5.2 Exterior protection
5.3 Protection from external bodies
6. RESIDENTIAL PROVISIONS
6.1 Population distribution
6.2 Houses required for families
6.3 Houses required for unmarried men
6.4 Houses required for unmarried women
7. FACILITIES
7.1 Environmental facilities
7.1.1 Atmospheric pressure
7.1.2 Water
7.1.3 Light
7.1.4 Recycling of water
7.1.5 Waste management
7.2 Entertainmental facilities
7.2.1 Physical entertainment
7.2.2 Mental entertainment
8. Agriculture
INTRODUCTION
Introduction
Orbitaaliyaan is an orbital space colony situated in the space for the residential purpose for the humans. We are having the earth with lot of global warming. If this keeps on going our earth will become like Venus having huge clouds made up of sulphuric acid and floating lava on the surface.
Then we will be having no where to go.
Is this the end of humans?
No! We are having an answer for this .the global warming is increasing rapidly because of the usage of fuels like petrol, diesel, kerosene and other gaseous fuels extensively. We can stop this with the help of solar panels which are concentrated and which can store more energy and use less electricity for the use of transport .We can stop this because if we use the solar energy instead of deadly fuels which are mentioned above we can reduce the pollution and stop the global warming.
By using the concept of solar energy we are going to run our space colony. We can do this because the space colony has neither has no clouds nor rainfall at the panels.
Volume destinations
Structure module:-
The orbitaaliyaan has a unique structure with 2 types of structures that occupy huge surface area. The structure module is necessary for the structure arrangement of space colony. As a part of this we are going to declare structure module
1. Two major cylinders
2. One connecting cylinder
3. Two elevating cylinders
4. One middle torus
5. Two major torus
6. Four solar panels
Volume destinations of cylinder
Each cylinder is a residential system and it is considered as a city with the all needed facilities i.e. which are needed for a human being to live . there are two components and a transportation way which is known as highway
The two components present are:
1. Residential area
2. Entertainment area and highway area
Now let us declare the area occupied by each of the component and the area occupied by the highway. The areas are taken in the following way
Residential cylinder:
The residential area will be containing houses for the people living in the space colony. The residential system is 9km long and has 1km long plantations held making a total of 10km and a width of 2.1km
Area occupied by one cylinder:
Length of residential area = l= 9km
Length of plantations held= l= 1km
Total length of residential = l + l = 9+1
System =10km
Breadth of residential area = 2.1km
Area of total residential = 10*2.1
Area = 21 sq km
Area occupied by residential system in both cities:
= 2* area of residential system in one city
= 2*21
= 42 sq km
Highway area:-
The highway area contains nothing but is a plain road which helps to connect other structures. The highway area and the connecting cylinders are those allow to the other cities.
The area occupied by 1 highway
Length=10km
Breadth=0.3km (300 mts)
Area=length *breadth
=10*0.3
=3 sq km
The area occupied by 2 highways
Area of one city*2=3*2=6 sq km
Entertainment area:-
Entertainment is something that gets a human into life .Without an entertainment a person is just like painting portrait without any color. As a part of this in orbitaaliyaan we have the Entertainmental area of 9 km long containing amusement parks, shopping malls, recreation parks, playgrounds etc.
Area occupied by entertainment area:
Length=l=9km
Breadth=b=2.1km
Area =l*b=9*2.1=18.9 sq km
Total area occupied by both the cities
=2*area of entertainment in one city
=2*18.9
=37.8 sq km
Volume of cylinder
=pi*r^2*h
=22/7*2.25*2.25*10
=22/7*2.25*22.5 =61.625 cubic cm
Volume of 2 cylinders
=pi*r^2*h=volume of 1 cylinder *2
=61.625*2
=123.25 cubic cm
Volume destinations of torus (small):-
The smaller torus consists of education area, cultivation area and the maintenance area .each of them plays an vital role in maintaining the entire space colony .education is the foremost important one in the behavior of a person. Maintenance area helps the people to survive in the orbitaaliyaan because the total atmospheric pressure is maintained from the middle one. Now let us declare the volume destinations of smaller torus.
Area of torus= pi(R+r)(R-r)=22/7*7.5*2.5=58.92857
Volume of torus=1/4*pi^2*(R+r) (R-r) ^2
=1/4*22/7*22/7*7.5*6.25
=115 cubic kilo-meter
Volume destinations of upper torus:-
The upper torus is also known as industrial zone. Here the software companies, industries, companies’, factories etc. and other special economic zones (SEZ) are located .The use of software companies are accessing hardware factories
And all other software competing works. The uses of factories are changing raw materials in finished goods. Now let us find out the volume destinations of torus.
Volume destinations of upper torus:-
Area of torus=pi(R+r)(R-r)
=22/7(7+4)(7-4)
=22/7*33
=103.7143
Volume of torus=1/4*pi^2*(R+r)(R-r)^2
=1/4*22/7*22/7*11*9
=224.469 cubic km
Volume of torus of 2 cylinders=2*volume of I cylinder
=2*224.469
=448.938
Volume destinations of lower torus:-
The lower torus consists of machinery and engines required for maintaining space colony atmosphere, gravity, recycling system etc.
The lower torus which contains all the machinery has very high security since any wrong displacement can kill 1.2 million people and smash the whole space colony at a single blow. Now let us find out the destinations of lower torus.
Area of torus =22/7(7+4)(7-4)
=22/7*33
=103.7143
Volume of torus=1/4*pi^2*(R+r)(R-r)^2
=1/4*22/7*22/7*11*9
=224.469 cubic km
Volume of torus of 2 cylinders=2*volume of I cylinder
=2*224.469
=448.938
Structure arrangement
Structure arrangement is part where we get a clear idea about what we are building. In this way we can show the orbitaaliyaan structure.
According to this orbitaaliyaan has 5 cylinders and 3 torus. Now coming to the structure arrangement the orbitaaliyaan has an unique structure. First ,the major cylinders are set with same scales x and y i.e., same starting point and ending point .connected with joining cylinders on which the torus is placed &from the middle point of the torus. 2 long cylinders known elevating &de-elevating cylinders are attached one from the top and the other to these structures the major torus are attached .to these structures solar panels are attached
Construction sequences
Construction sequences play a vital important role in the construction of space colony.
They are 9 stages in construction sequences. Each stage should be taken in to serious consideration and should be constructed with great care . In each stage one major part or minor part is constructed .The 9 stages are:-
1. Central torus stage: This is the first stage .The middle torus is constructed first on the moon then taken to the location of space colony. This is first taken into consideration because all the major parts are attached to it.
2. Space city a construction: this is the second stage in which the residential cylinder is attached to the middle torus with the help of another cylinder
3. Space city B construction: In this stage the 2nd space city is constructed and attached to the other side of middle torus .Now, we have a reasonable structure with a torus and 2 major cylinders.
4. Construction of elevation cylinder (upper torus): in this stage the elevation and de-elevation cylinder for the upper torus is constructed. In this way the space colony can resist properly.
5. Construction of de elevation cylinder: in this stage the de-elevation and elevation cylinder is constructed for the lower torus. Now this is a balanced structure .upper torus is not constructed immediately because there is chance of the space colony getting tilted.
6. Construction of lower torus: in this stage the lower torus is constructed and attached to the de-elevating cylinder .this is attached in this way because this heavenly body cannot tilt upside down this huge weight
7. Construction of upper torus: In this stage the upper torus is constructed and attached to its elevating cylinder .This is the complete structure. But, what about its energy supply?
Don’t worry it is in the next stage
8. Construction of solar panels (space city A): In this stage the solar panels which are the source of energy in the space colony is constructed .Here, first the panels to space city A is constructed.
9. Construction of solar panels (space city B) : this is the final step in building the space colony. Here, the panels to space city B is constructed & the energy which is to be consumed is sent to lower torus protection
be
Protection
Interior protection:
Orbitaaliyaan takes a great care of people staying in it because they staying away from the mother earth leaving all the other people as a part of this we have the interior protection. In the orbitaaliyaan there are closed circuit cameras and alarms which help people get alert. The cc camera’s are placed in several places and monitored by people responsible for it.
There is a special equipment called the hovertventium which is just like a watch with time and button on it. On pressing the button a hologram screen will appear in front of the person which is operated on touch .It consists everything like internet, current affairs, videos, songs and some special knowledge related to space researches everyday. This is the most compulsory equipment for people staying in orbitaaliyaan as their identity of space colony residents.
EXTERIOR PROTECTION
The settlements protection can also be done through the materials which can be brought by the Moon’s Mining. When the sun’s radiations fell on the colony it will be harmful so if we keep solar panels it cannot allow the harmful radiations (you only take the layers I am not getting any idea)
The solar panel layer provides the energy which is necessary for life conditions. By copper conduction artificial magnetic field can be produced which protect the settlement from gamma noxious radiation. An alloy which is made of iron and titanium70 which is a strong and corrosion resistant. It can has 30 com wide, the pieces used can be modular and prefab with an easily connecting system. The shape is triangular and their side has 6m( like an equilateral triangles)
Iron and Titanium 70 alloy advantages are:
1. Resistance to impact
2. Protection against corrosion
3. Composition of FeTi70: Ti 70%, Fe 2-10%, and traces of Aluminium and Mobalt which has low density can protect corrosion agents
4. Ti found on the lunar surface
Properties of Fe-Ti7 Value(Metric)
Density 4.85g/cc
Tensile strength 890M Pa
Coefficient of thermal expansion,
Linear 20c 8.5 um/m-0C
Specific Heat Capacity 0.525 J/g-0C
Maximum Service Temperature, Air 315 0C
Moon’s soil composition
In moon soil composition others- includes Titanium ores 1.1% to 2.8%. Landing soil site values provides the reference for a regression curve form which Ti concentrations in 137 regions of adequate counting statistics are calculated. Marc Tranquillitatis contains the highest, and Marc Crisium the lowest Ti concentration, and regional values in the western Maria range form 1.1% to 4.1%.
The iron pipes structure with “Super Adobe” and microbots is an important layer that avoids the air ( if we take that layer) leek and security of the settlement (1m wide). The microbots intermingled through the wall structure so that when an object hits the certain section, the microbots rapidly fill the hole with the material, thus avoiding air leaks.
Polymer of ethylene is polyethylene heavily packed with hydrogen(0.2m) are used for protection against high-energy protons, neutrons, alpha particles and gamma radiation. The interior of colony has special bunkers on each segment of torus near the spokes that protect women, pregnant women and children when the solar radiations are strong and dangerous to their children. A bunker is the area from the torus from where each component of the settlement’s protection shield is doubled from the usual size of 8.4m to 16.8m.
In case of settlement in the major impact of the asteroids impact so that we can move the settlement up and down about 2km or we can destroy with out space fleet and weapons. We can protect the earth from danger and also we can inform it about the space weathers
Small pebbles and asteroids smaller than a grapefruit may be most important or worrying factor for our solar panels or when it hits the solar panels it cannot protect the colony from solar radiations which is very harmful which can also contains the Ultra Violet rays. Automatic systems with robots can check, change and move them when needed with the modern technology
Residential provisions
Population distribution
The population orbitaaliyaan accumulates in each city is 0.6 million per city i.e. 1.2 million people. In both the cities in our space colony.
The population though present as1.2 million people if not taken properly there might be a problem in the future and may not be able to produce the next generation. In the orbitaaliyaan the ratio is taken in the following way:-
1.30% Adults
2.15% children
3.28% unmarried men
4.27% unmarried women
Total no. of adults= 30/100*12, 00,000=3, 60,000 adults
Total no. of adults=15/100*12, 00,000= 1, 80,000 adults
Total no. of unmarried men=28/100*12, 00,000=3, 36,000 adults
Total no. of unmarried women=27/100*12, 00,000=3, 24,000 adults
Houses required for the total population
Families
For a family there will be three people i.e. 2 adults& and; 1 child. The area provided for a family is 1400 sq ft. The area provided for unmarried people is 900 sq ft in which 3 people will reside.
Now let us declare the houses required for the total families’ .Before that we need to find the no. of families so, that we can equate it.
Percentage of families=45%
Total population =12, 00,000
Population based on members of families=45/100*12, 00,00,0=5,40,000 people
There fore no. of families = 5, 40,000/3=1, 80,000 families
Since each family needs only 1 house 1, 80,000 families need only 1,80,000 houses
Unmarried Men
The houses required for unmarried men are taken in to consideration by taking 3 men in a house. By taking this into consideration we can take this in the following ratio :
Unmarried men=28%
Population of unmarried men =28/100*12,00,000=3,36,000
No. of men per house =3
No. of houses =3,36,000/3=1,12,000 houses
Unmarried women
The houses required for unmarried women are taken into the consideration by taking 3 women in a house .by taking this in to consideration we can take this in the following ratio:
Unmarried women=27%
Population of unmarried women=27/100*12,00,000=3,24,000
No of women per house =3
No. of houses =3,24,000/3=1,08,000 houses
Total houses required for total population
=no. of men + no. of women +no. of families
=1, 80,000+1, 08,000+1, 12,000
=4, 00,000 house
Environmental facilities:-
A healthy environment resembles healthy people as a great part of it this orbitaaliyaan, takes very special care of people health there are 4 major facilities in the environmental facilities.
1) Atmospheric pressure for peoples survival because without atmospheric pressure a human cannot survive
2) Light management
3) Water management for people to kill their thirst
4) waste management for people to survive with hygienic health
Water management: our body consists of 70% of water by weight & it is proven that a human can live with only water for 3 months .so can a man live without this substance known as water?
As we know a human cannot live without water. The water management is divided into 2 purposes in the orbitaaliyaan. 1. Drinking and cooking 2. Common purposes.
The water in the orbitaaliyaan is brought from the earth for special purpose of drinking and cooking and for the common purpose compressed liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen it is converted to H2O by taking them into the ration of 2:1 and mixed with and converted to water by introducing a spark into it.
Recycling water: - the water which is used is wasted is recycled and used for the same purpose again .In this process the water which is used or wasted is purified with the help of uv rays (ultra violet rays) and is converted to usable water which can be further used and the dirt from it is removed and decomposed.
Waste management :- the waste management is essential for the colony Since it is a small heavenly body and if the utilities are wasted and not taken humans can get ill . so, the wastes are divided into 3 types i.e. 1) organic 2)glass (Na2SiO3. CaSiO3.4SiO2) 3)metal
Organic:-
These wastes are taken and decomposed in the soil with the help of the bacteria.
Glass:-
The glass material is melted again and again .glass bottles are used again and again of course cleaned ones. The other glass materials are melted and recycled. For example if glass is melted we can use it as a plane mirror(after melting).
Metals:-
Metals are useful. There is always use of metal which is not used for example if some aluminium is there we can get it little concentrated and use it for soldering.
The colony is maximum plastic free from plastic and pollution in order to make people living in orbitaaliyaan healthy
Entertainmental facilities:-
Entertainment plays a healthy role in maintaining a human’s character and his /her body healthy this is of two types:-
1) mental
2) physical
physical entertainment:-physical entertainment helps a person to maintain proper health regarding their body. As a part of this orbitaaliyaan conducts activities like common sports and anti gravity sports it also provides gym facility. Other than sports and gym it also provides amusements and trekking.
Mental Entertainmental facilities:- mental health helps a person mould his behavior and life .In this case orbitaaliyaan provide theaters, gaming zones etc. mental entertainment area also contains shopping malls hotels restaurants etc.
Agriculture
Agriculture plays an important role completing a humans hunger with proper and sufficient energy giving nutrients. as apart of this orbitaaliyaan makes agriculture a part of the curriculum .we have divided the agriculture into two sectors i.e. 1)Agricultural maintaining techniques 2)Nutrition table
Agriculture maintaining techniques:-
Agriculture maintaining techniques are divided into 2 type’s selective breeding and hybridization techniques.
Selective breeding:- Selective breeding in domesticated animals is the process of a Breeder developing a cultivated breed over time, and selecting qualities within individuals of the breed that will be best to pass on to the next generation. The term is synonymous with "Artificial selection". Breeding techniques such as inbreeding, line breeding and out crossing are utilized by breeders in the maintenance and improvement of their chosen breeds. Charles Darwin discussed how selective breeding had been successful in producing change over time in his book, Origin of Species. The first chapter of the book discusses selective breeding and domestication of such animals as pigeons, dogs and cattle. Selective breeding was used by Darwin as a springboard to introduce the theory of natural selection, and to support it.
Hybridization techniques:-hybridization is mixing up of the characters of two parents in the new offspring .this may be done between two varieties of the same species or between two different species. The manner of hybridization can be of 2 types :
(i) Cross pollination – the traditional natural method
(ii) Somatic cell hybridisation – an artificial method.
(i) Cross pollination- cross pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anthers of flowers of one plant to the stigma of another plant .This
(ii) Somatic cell hybridisation –somatic cell means body cells i.e. other than the reproductive cells. in this method, the somatic cells of two varieties or species are fused together .For doing so first the cell walls are removed by a certain enzyme .the plant cells lacking the cell wall are called protoplasts. the protoplasts of the selected parents are made to fuse with the help of certain chemicals .the resulting fused nucleus is called heterokaryon .the fused protoplasts are cultured , they regenerate their cell wall and start dividing to produce plantlets(small plants)
Uses of somatic hybridisation :
(i) production of hybrids of those species which cannot be produced by sexual method
(ii) obtaining clones
(iii) for introducing useful genes in the case of male sterility
Communications
Communications help to maintain healthy relations with people . A person with good communication skill is said to have healthy relations. as a part of this orbitaaliyaan introduces the hovert ventium.This is an advanced equipment used by all the people in orbitaaliyaan.
This contains everything necessary in our daily life i.e. electronical equipments .this is web based and helps to talk with each other with the help of software installed in it.
this are some of our pics
watch our video at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jYohR4sS-tc
by
k.v.ram harsha,
team leader of space wizz kids.
team members
K.V.ram harsha
M.sameer chaitanya
G.S.D rohit gagan
